What is a shift work schedule 1-1, 2-2 in 2021

A shift work schedule is a special scheme for distributing working time in an organization, in which the working day can exceed 8 hours. At the same time, special requirements apply to rest, wages and the distribution of shifts between employees.

Someone works from Monday to Friday from 9.00 to 18.00, has an hour lunch break and salary. And someone, when applying for a job, hears that the organization has established a shift schedule in accordance with the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. What is better, working in shifts or as usual? What is a shift schedule? What types of it exist and are permitted by labor legislation? And how do they pay for such work?

How to calculate a shift schedule

To develop an optimal schedule, the provisions of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation are taken into account:

it is allowed to enter 2, 3 or 4 shifts of work (Article 103 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation);
The duration of the shifts is determined so that the total work lasts no more than 40 hours per week, and in some cases even less, according to Art. Labor Code of the Russian Federation;
the employee is not required to work two or more shifts in a row (Article 103 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation);
every week the employee must rest for at least 42 hours in a row (Article 110 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

The shift schedule of workers allows you to eliminate overtime of personnel, increase the productivity of activities and the efficiency of use of equipment. To complete it:

if necessary, the duration of the production process is increased;
workers are divided into groups;
A shift schedule is established for each group.

The schedule is brought to the attention of employees at least a month before the start of work on it. When compiling it, the opinion of the trade union is taken into account. The finished document becomes an addition to the collective agreement.

Shifts are calculated for such a period that is convenient for the employer to ensure the absence of overtime or its minimum number (minimum - for a week, maximum - for a year). For example, if the monthly schedule is drawn up in such a way that one of the 3 employees is overworked, then perhaps a quarterly schedule will equalize the working hours between all employees.

Shift schedule

In most cases, organizations use a sliding shift schedule, the terms of which are included in the employment contract between the employee and the employer. At the same time, when drawing up a production schedule, the standards prescribed in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation must be taken into account. In particular, this regulatory act implies compliance with and availability of:

time for weekly rest;
inter-shift break, the number of hours in which is established in accordance with the law;
limiting the number of hours for involving an employee in overtime work, if such an opportunity is contained in the employment contract;
exit and payment for work on holidays and weekends and other nuances.

When drawing up a shift schedule, not only the labor legislation of the Russian Federation must be taken into account, but also the opinion of employee representatives (Trade Union), the work collective itself, as well as production needs. But it should be remembered that neither the night nor the day shift can exceed the total time of 10-12 hours.

Shift work schedule: how to register

There is no unified form of the document; to compile it, we recommend using a time sheet form.

The schedule must include the following data and details:

the accounting period during which the document is valid;
start and end times of shifts, duration of breaks;
duration of working hours for the accounting period;
signatures of familiarized employees (a separate familiarization sheet can be drawn up);
position and signature of the manager who approved the schedule;
signature of the head of the trade union that approved the document (if there is a trade union organization);
signature of the scheduler;
if necessary, symbols.

Coordination with employees

Article 102 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation defines the requirement to coordinate the start and end times of shifts and the total duration of work. If the organization has a trade union, its opinion should be taken into account. For some categories of workers, special conditions must be taken into account:

for disabled people, the maximum working time is determined by a medical report (Part 1 of Article 94 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation);
for minors - 5 and 7 hours (15-16 and 16-18 years old, respectively) with a ban on working at night;
for persons combining study and work - no more than 3.5 hours;
for workers employed in hazardous industries - a maximum of 8 hours;
for pregnant women - no night shifts.

Night work is prohibited for the following categories of workers, unless they themselves write written consent to it:

women with a child aged 0 to 3 years;
disabled people;
persons with dependent disabled children;
workers who care for sick family members;
single parents and guardians of children under 5 years of age.

The team should explain what a shift work schedule means, talk about the features of the work and rest schedule, their rights and responsibilities. It is also required to inform about the employer’s right to dismiss those who refuse to work under the new regime (with the exception of categories protected by law). The employee is recognized as familiar with the schedule when he puts his signature and date in the addendum to the employment contract and on the shift schedule itself. Also, a mark of familiarization is affixed in a special journal. If the employee refuses to sign the document, a report should be drawn up.

How to calculate a 2 x 2 graph

This shift option is quite popular and involves the employee being employed for 2 days, then 2 days off, then again 2 working days, and so on.

During each working day, the employee performs duties for 1 shift.

Example

Kvartal LLC is a chain of 24-hour grocery stores. For cashiers, a 2/2 shift work schedule, 12-hour shifts, is established. There must be 2 cashiers in one store at the same time. For one of the retail outlets – “Kvartal on Kudryavtseva” – the work shift schedule may look like this:

When is it applied?

The employer establishes a continuous operating mode in the organization if it is necessary for him to operate the enterprise and obtain maximum profit. Article 130 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation defines that production necessity means:

the duration of the production process is higher than the permissible daily norm (8 hours);
efficient use of equipment to increase production volume.

In other words, if management believes that the company should work 12 hours a day or around the clock, work on a shift schedule is introduced; the Labor Code of the Russian Federation does not provide for restrictions on making such a decision. Hospitals, police and the Ministry of Emergency Situations always work in this mode, there are plants and factories with a continuous production cycle, airports, train stations, and convenience stores.

How to calculate the salary of shift workers if the schedule includes night shifts and holidays

Management must take into account that working hours falling on a holiday, non-working day or night time (from 22.00 to 6.00 - Article of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation) are paid at an increased rate. Additional payment for night hours cannot be less than 20% of the salary or tariff rate per hour of work (Government Decree No. 554 of 07/08/2008). If a shift falls on Saturday or Sunday, it is paid as a regular working day (Article 111 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation), since weekends during shift work differ from the usual ones.

Let's continue the example

The working hours for a 40-hour workweek in June 2021 are 167 hours. All cashiers of Kvartal LLC are overworked, which is recognized as overtime work, which, according to Art. 152 Labor Code of the Russian Federation:
is paid at an increased rate;
or, at the request of the employee, is compensated by additional rest time.
So, cashier Abramova A.Yu. will process 25 hours in June (192 – 167). The employee has the right to request 25 hours of additional rest from the employer, or receive increased payment for this time.
If the tariff for 1 hour of work of the cashier of Kvartal LLC is 200 rubles, and an additional payment of 25% is introduced for work at night, then, taking into account the provisions of Art. 152-154 Labor Code of the Russian Federation Abramova A.Yu. will receive a salary for June in the amount of:
167 x 200 = 33,400 rub. – according to the tariff within the normal working hours;
2 x 200 x 1.5 = 600 rub. – the first 2 hours of overtime work are paid at one and a half times the rate;
23 x 200 x 2 = 9,200 rub. – subsequent overtime hours are paid double;
for every 2nd shift there are 8 hours of night time (from 22:00 to 6:00), the cashier worked 8 night shifts, i.e. 8 x 8 = 64 hours, for which 25% of the tariff rate is paid:
64 x 200 x 25% = 3,200 rubles;
33,400 + 600 + 9,200 +3,200 = 46,400 rub. – salary of Abramova A.Yu. for June 2021.

Is it possible to enter temporarily

The needs of the organization may require the temporary introduction of such a regime for certain employees, for example, to replace absent employees. In this case, it will not be possible to quickly establish such a regime: the law requires compliance with all stages, including warnings of at least a month in advance and the introduction of amendments to the employment contract. The best option for replacing an employee on vacation or sick leave would be to temporarily transfer another employee to the replacement’s place.

If there is a need in an organization to temporarily introduce a shift for a department or division, this is permitted to be done in compliance with all formalities for any period. The main thing is to indicate this period in the order.

How to create a 4 x 4 shift schedule

Let's look at the example of the 4x4 work schedule.

Koopkhleb LLC employs 4 teams of workers. Baking of bakery products is carried out in 2 shifts of 9 hours: from 4.00 to 13.00 and from 13.00 to 22.00.
Each team works 2 days on the first shift, 2 days on the second shift, then rests for 4 days.
In this case, the shift schedule can be drawn up not for workers, but for teams: the length of working hours and the number of days off for employees of one team will coincide. Team workers can familiarize themselves with the schedule on a separate sheet.

The 4/4 shift schedule looks like this:

What is shift work?

What does shift work mean? The above rule of law will help us answer this question. Thus, a shift work schedule is understood as a production process in several main shifts, which is determined by the need to comply with the permissible length of the working day, as well as the opportunity to more effectively organize the work of the organization in order to achieve maximum profit and productivity.

In other words, shift work primarily implies that all employees with such a schedule must perform the required amount of work for a specific number of hours during the working day, which secures the employment contract. To streamline this type of work, a shift schedule is developed, which contains all the comprehensive information about workdays.

Can employees change?

Employees do not have the right to arbitrarily change the approved regime; for this they need the consent of management. Substitutes are refused due to difficulties in recording working hours and calculating wages. In addition, going to work on a day off (and for an employee who replaces a shift worker, this is an official day off) means payment at double the rate. Most organizations do not agree to this for obvious reasons. Management is more concerned about how to correctly calculate the shift schedule so that there is less need for replacements, and the labor rights of all employees are respected.

Position

According to the Labor Code of Russia, the employer has the right to independently establish and regulate shift schedules . But at the same time, a 40-hour work week must be strictly 167 working hours per month .

Separate articles provide exceptions for some special categories of employees : minors, disabled people, pregnant and nursing mothers regarding the duration of one shift.

In other cases, the employer can determine the duration at his own discretion - in this matter the Labor Code does not impose any restrictions.

It is noteworthy that a shift work schedule is only one in which employees change at least once a day.

If one team is employed at one enterprise around the clock, this is not a shift mode - according to the articles of the Labor Code of Russia. Thus, if a shift schedule is introduced, one shift cannot last 24 hours.

In enterprises operating on a standard five- or six-week schedule, fixed days off or one day off are established.

If not, rest days can fall on any day of the week - then they are called “floating” .

Nuances when creating a schedule

There is no officially approved form of the schedule, therefore each enterprise establishes its own form, the latter can be approved by an administrative document. But, most importantly, when compiling, take into account the following information:

codes and details of the organizational structure;
when the schedule was prepared;
place of preparation of the schedule;
the document itself.

The form is certified by interested parties, including the employer and head of the department, as well as by the person who compiled it. Moreover, it can be certified with the seal of the enterprise.

It can be written by hand or typed on a computer; format 11 is sufficient for registration.

Shift schedules developed at the enterprise are subject to mandatory registration in office work. When all stages of development, approval and familiarization have been completed, they must be transferred to the personnel department.

Storage is provided in a separate folder in a common file. Typically, the storage period is provided for no more than 5 years, and after that the graphics are destroyed according to the act.