Results
More and more organizations are involved in research and development with the goal of entering the market with new technologies or products and, accordingly, increasing profits. The regulation for recognizing R&D expenses in tax accounting was approved by Art. 262 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, and in accounting - PBU 17/02.
Sources:
- Tax Code of the Russian Federation
- Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On approval of the list...” dated December 24, 2008 No. 988
- PBU 17/02, approved. by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 19, 2002 N 115n
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Fixed assets
The result of R&D can be an industrially applicable design (for example, technological equipment, etc.). If the organization plans to use it for more than 12 months, then include such a sample as part of fixed assets (clause 4, 8 of PBU 6/01). A fixed asset will be recognized as a result of R&D if it is not subject to legal protection or legal protection is not properly formalized. For example, if the organization does not plan to obtain a patent for an invention. If an organization receives a patent for an invented industrial design, then the result of R&D will be recognized as a patent (intangible asset).
Recognition of R&D costs at 1.5%
The Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On approval of the list...” dated December 24, 2008 No. 988 approved the register of scientific research and development in specific areas, the real costs of which the organization can take into account as part of other expenses of the reporting period in which they were completed, with increasing factor 1.5. Organizations conducting R&D in areas from the government's list, at the end of the year in which these developments are completed, together with the declaration, submit a report on the R&D carried out to the tax office.
Value added tax
If an organization carried out R&D on its own, then it is necessary to charge VAT on their cost only if the expenses were not taken into account when calculating income tax (subclause 2, clause 1, article 146 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). If research expenses were taken into account when taxing profits, then VAT is not required. In this case, the organization can deduct VAT on inventory items that were used in research. But provided that the results of development will be used in activities subject to value added tax.
