Free legal advice online
The involvement of lawyers in legal disputes is due to the need to fully protect the personal interests of citizens. As practice shows, citizens avoid legal assistance in order to save money, but in practice this is associated with high costs.
Even citizens with a lawyer's education do not always keep up with current changes in legislation, so it would be advisable to consult a qualified specialist. The convenience is that consultation with a lawyer is free and online. Where and how to get free legal advice?
is provided throughout the Russian Federation. Citizens, residents of the state, as well as non-residents of the country who temporarily reside in the Russian Federation can take advantage of the support.
Moreover, lawyers can advise interested parties outside Russia, but only within the framework of domestic legislation. Legal advice is provided free of charge online around the clock, regardless of weekends and holidays. The response time from specialists on the website is up to 15 minutes.
There is no need to register on the Internet portal and you can send a personal appeal anonymously. Attention! The online lawyer provides answers to questions and continues to support the client in the event of further difficulties.
Legal advice can be obtained in the following ways: use the online chat service; draw up a contact form for the feedback service; call the hotline.
How to write off a mouse and keyboard in a budget institution
I would also like to note that it all depends on the force that a person offers when typing. If you press too hard, nothing good will come of it, and the keyboard will not work as long as you would like. However, it also depends on the manufacturing company. Some companies work very poorly and unreliably. However, some keyboards can last up to 5 years or more, and some break after six months!
Below we consider the scheme for generating an accounting account number in a budgetary organization, and also decipher the category codes using an example. A detailed explanation of the categories can also be found in clause 21 of the Instructions for the chart of accounts (order No. 157n), in the table of the chart of accounts for budgetary institutions and in clause 2.1 of the Instructions for this chart of accounts (order No. 174n).
The reason for writing off the mouse in the act
At the level of Windows itself, through the Control Panel, you can disable little-used or unused devices and ports, for example, those intended for games.
If the network card is built into the motherboard, then it is possible that it is disabled at the BIOS level.
Author: Alexander Iron Anatoly 2017-12-12 Thank you. It’s written intelligently. I didn’t know a lot. [Reply] [Cancel reply] Evgeny 2016-04-07 “Believe me, it’s much easier to buy a new keyboard than to engage in a painstaking and dirty task for a decent amount of time.” I completely disagree, and I think that the author is wrong: 1.
This is not such a painstaking task;2. The activity is not particularly dirty; 3. It takes a maximum of 10 minutes, but when you do it for the first time it takes 20-25 minutes, but no more. I want to say that if the keyboard is dirty, buying a new one is a waste of money, it’s easier to clean it and the keyboard will work for a long time.
If some standard keys or a whole cluster of keys do not work on the keyboard, sudden failures occur, then, alas, either the keyboard has a defect (acquired or, more often, congenital), or there are problems with the cable. Just in case, you need to check the tightness of the cable connection in the PS/2 or USB socket, but most often such a keyboard will have to be replaced. If some additional multimedia keys do not work on the multimedia keyboard, then we can solve the issue here; you need to obtain and install (or update) the keyboard driver.
Sometimes a completely “dead” keyboard is actually
We write off old office equipment
It is desirable that it be plain . The motley multi-colored surface and mouse pad are the real reason for its poor performance.
As with the keyboard, the PS/2 port can be disabled in the BIOS, giving the impression that the mouse (connector or motherboard) is permanently dead. It seems fantastic, but cases of such petty sabotage are known.
If the mouse’s additional side keys and scroll wheel do not work, then you need to get a native mouse driver; in particular, it can be downloaded from the mouse manufacturer’s website.
For wireless mice with infrared sensors, the same recommendations apply as for a wireless keyboard. If you really want to buy and use a wireless mouse, it is advisable to buy a mouse that supports Bluetooth technology - the range is much greater.
Causes of computer mouse malfunction
05/25/2015 — 14:53 4050+ Information entry equipment is most at risk of breakdown, as it has mechanical elements along with electronics.
And in this regard, a computer mouse will not be an exception, because it is the main device for navigating in the Windows environment and when surfing the web in a browser window. And malfunctions of this “rodent” often lead to the purchase of a new one, since the cost of budget models “does not bite.” In order not to make a mistake with the choice, the “Iron Friends” web project recommends paying attention to all technical aspects of the purchase. After all, the final choice will allow you to fully enjoy working in the operating system.
The answer to the subtitle may turn out to be the most banal - the device has failed and cannot be restored.
The cause is often a short circuit, physical damage or user intervention. To rule out this option, test the mouse on another computer.
Make sure that the plug and cord do not have surface defects, and the indicator glows evenly. If you used a wireless model, then first try changing the batteries. To do this, it is enough to have known good batteries of the appropriate format, for example, empty the TV remote control. The mouse lights up, but still does not respond to movement, check the functionality of the wireless module. A small USB keychain should take place in a free USB connector and be detected by the system.
Malfunctions of speakers, headphones
Users often need to use headphones and speakers. To solve this issue, the easiest way is to purchase a special splitter that will allow you to use both devices without compromising their technical condition and integrity. The splitter is securely fixed on a table or shelf with tape and, if necessary, devices are carefully connected to it. In this case, it is also recommended to securely fasten the device wires near the splitter. Any competent radio amateur will be able to solder a more convenient-to-use splitter - with a switch. In this case, there will be no need to switch devices. The most common malfunction of speakers and headphones is a complete lack of sound. Of course, first of all, it is important to check the tightness of the audio cable and network connection in the case of active speakers. If the device is connected for the first time, then the cable may simply be connected to the wrong socket on the audio card. Don’t forget about the volume control, which can be in the minimum position. It is recommended to configure the mechanical volume control only once, and adjust the sound itself while using the computer using software. It should be remembered that maximum volume on active speakers can render them unusable. The most optimal volume level for such speakers can be considered 30% of the maximum value.
Read also: How to find out the Internet speed on your computer. We test Internet speed on special services.
If sound does not appear from the device, then you need to check the sound settings and look into the Control Panel to test it. To identify the cause, headphones or speakers should also be guaranteed to be working. If in this case the sound does not appear, then you need to understand, first of all, the Windows system files responsible for the sound. You shouldn’t immediately assume that the audio card is faulty, since this element of the motherboard is quite reliable and rarely fails. In practice, it was Windows recovery that sometimes helped solve the problem of complete lack of sound.
Computer and Earnings for Beginners
One of the frequently asked questions regarding a computer mouse is: what is wrong with it?
If you can determine the cause of the problem, you will find the right way to fix the problem. Without using a mouse, the computer becomes less functional. The reasons for the breakdown are often the same, and this does not depend on the manufacturer’s brand.
Frequent causes of breakdowns of laser and optical mice include: – technical breakdown (damage to the wire, USB or PS/2 input does not work) – mechanical breakdown (incorrect operation of the scroll wheel, buttons are not fully pressed) – the mouse is not configured correctly for a specific game or application. In this case, there is no need to repair, you just need to configure the mouse for a specific application. Troubleshooting methods.
The most common problem with a mouse is the scroll wheel not working. The reason may lie in the lack of drivers for the mouse, or in incorrect settings. In “Start”, open “Control Panel”, there is a “Mouse” item.
Let's check if everything is configured correctly.
The main problem may be a broken wheel. This problem can be solved in a workshop by simply replacing the wheel. Or you can buy a new mouse: more beautiful and more convenient than the old one. PS/2 or USB mouse does not respond. First, let's look at the older model of PS/2 mice. A common cause is a damaged connector.
Check that all pins are intact. If the keyboard does not work along with the mouse, then the problem is broken PS/2 connectors. In this case, you should switch to a USB mouse and keyboard.
Write-off of computer equipment (reasons due to wear and tear) in 2021
The reasons for such loss are:
- irreparable damage or damage.
- physical deterioration;
- obsolescence;
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Computer equipment, more than other types of equipment, is characterized by rapid obsolescence. The rapid development of computer technology often leads to the fact that the existing fleet of computer equipment, which is in working order, still needs to be updated and modernized for production purposes. Therefore, for computers and office equipment, fairly short useful life periods for calculating depreciation are established by law - from 3 to 5 years.
To ensure that no longer used computer equipment hangs on the balance sheet, it should be written off.
Nuances of writing off office equipment for commercial companies For businessmen, the general procedure for writing off equipment is quite simple. Among their faults there are also removable and irreparable ones. The cause of monitor failure may be damage to the matrix, screen processor, etc.
Important: They can occur due to even a small impact, overheating of the monitor, or moisture and dust getting into it.
The keyboard and mouse are particularly vulnerable, and therefore the most frequently replaced elements. The most common causes of damage to the keyboard are sticking of contact groups and their oxidation, as well as combustion. This happens due to moisture getting into the equipment. The mouse may become unusable due to failure of the infrared sensor, mechanical failure, etc.
Attention For example,
Accessory equipment malfunctions
Monitors, keyboards, and mice also break down, and these faults may or may not be fixable.
The cause of monitor failure may be damage to the matrix or screen processor. The mouse and keyboard are most susceptible to breakdowns (due to burning, sticking or oxidation of contact groups, mechanical failures, etc.) and are replaced quite often. Often the result of breakdowns of auxiliary elements is the failure of the system unit.
The process of writing off components for office equipment is similar to writing off a system unit.
PC malfunctions for write-off
If after replacing the power supply, the computer still does not turn on, then checkmate. the board is not working properly, and if it turned on, then the problem was in the power supply. The problem is either a malfunction of the motherboard, video card, or memory.
If the problem is in the RAM, you must first clean the contacts on the memory modules with an eraser and insert it back. If the computer does not start (you can borrow a memory stick from a neighbor for a while or let him check yours, just keep in mind that the memory comes in different standards SDRAM, DDR1, DDR2, DDR3 and you need to change to the same one) Next, we check the video card - replacing it with a known good one (you can again with a neighbor, but again we take into account the video card standards: there are PCI, AGP and PCI-E; if the video card has connectors for additional power, don’t forget to connect them.
In this case, such type of activity as “Write-off of office equipment” is not established in the list of licensed types of activities. Are you wondering what ways not to conclude an agreement with a supplier? Or do entering into an agreement with this supplier have unfavorable consequences? What's stopping you? After all, decommissioning of office equipment is not mandatory for licensing.
I think everything is correct. Currently this forum is being viewed by: no registered users and guests: 0 AlexSSS Our computers before 2002 should work for 10 years.
Therefore, give reasons for malfunctions (not ideas) for LCD monitors and system units. The devil is insidious - he can simply come to us in the guise of the devil in the accounting department. The only problem when writing off an operating system (computer) is the VAT refund (in the main taxation system), sorry, about depreciation according to PBU or Tax Code, it is calculated there at cost.
Hello dear readers of the MSWindows7.ru blog.
Decommissioning of computer equipment
Copyright: Lori's photo bank Almost no enterprise today can avoid writing off computer equipment, since this category of fixed assets has become firmly entrenched in the production and management process. But you should know how decommissioning computers differs from other OS objects.
Our publication is devoted to the disposal of office equipment included in, so we will add just a few words about how to write off a computer costing less than 40,000. Such equipment is usually included in the inventory and is written off as costs upon commissioning.
The main criterion for writing off OS is the loss of necessary useful qualities used for production purposes. The classic reasons for such a loss are damage or damage that cannot be repaired. Legislators have approved very short (SPI) depreciation calculations for office equipment - 3 - 5 years.
We will not dwell on physical wear and tear, since it is associated with an understandable situation when the SPI of office equipment has expired and write-off is carried out legally.
Let's talk about obsolescence. Office equipment, to a much greater extent than other groups of operating systems, is subject to rapid obsolescence.
This is due to the rapid development of computer technology and often leads to the fact that the company’s fleet of working computers requires modernization or complete renewal in order to make production profitable.
Nuances of writing off office equipment for state employees
In order to write off computer equipment that is an object of fixed assets, the institution must organize a special permanent commission (clause 34 of the Unified Chart of Accounts, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated December 1, 2010 No. 157n). Write-off of fixed assets is carried out on the basis of its decision.
At the same time, in order to make a decision to write off computer equipment that is an object of accounting for fixed assets, a budgetary organization must check compliance with several criteria (clause 46 of Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated December 31, 2016 No. 257n), namely, that it:
- does not exercise control over the OS object being written off;
- does not incur expenses associated with its disposal (ownership and (or) use);
- does not have the right to receive economic benefits and benefit from the disposal (possession or use);
- does not participate in the disposal (ownership and (or) use) of a retired object registered on the register,
- does not use it to the extent envisaged upon its recognition;
- assessed the amount of income (expense) from disposal of the object;
- assessed the projected economic benefits or useful potential associated with the object, as well as the projected (incurred) costs (losses) associated with its disposal.
The commission's decision to write off a computer from budget accounting is formalized in an act on the write-off of non-financial assets (except for vehicles) (f. 0504104). The form of the act was approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated March 30, 2015 No. 52n.
NOTE!
- The act must be agreed upon with the founder of the budgetary organization if the property being written off is classified as particularly valuable property, which is assigned by the owner to the budgetary institution or which was acquired by the budgetary institution at the expense of funds allocated by the owner for its acquisition (clause 3 of Article 298 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). Thus, the Ministry of Health of Russia, the Ministry of Labor of Russia, the Ministry of Sports of Russia, and Rosreestr of Russia included computers in the list of especially valuable movable property, regardless of its value. Therefore, if these structures have provided a budget institution with computers, then their write-off must be agreed upon with the founders.
- If particularly valuable movable property was acquired using funds received from income-generating activities, a budgetary institution has the right to dispose of it independently (letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated September 26, 2012 No. 02-06-10/3912). Coordination of the write-off of such property with the founder is not required.
After the act is signed by the head of the budgetary organization, actions are taken to dismantle and liquidate the fixed assets, and only after this the write-off is reflected in accounting on the basis of the act (clause 52 of the Unified Chart of Accounts, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated December 1, 2010 No. 157n).
Read about accounting for write-offs of fixed assets in a budget organization in this material.
What could be the problem with the keyboard, mouse, or peripheral devices?
Contents: [contents] Quite often malfunctions occur in keyboards, mice, and various peripheral devices, which are not difficult for an experienced user to fix. The causes of malfunctions are quite varied and determining the exact one is not so easy for beginners.
Minimal knowledge of the main malfunctions of the keyboard, mouse, and peripheral devices can help to cope with a difficult task.
Keyboard malfunctions Incorrect information displayed on the monitor. When you press some keys, completely different letters, numbers, and symbols appear on the monitor.
Most often, the cause of such a malfunction lies on the surface - a stuck key responsible for an additional function - Alt, Shift, Ctrl, Enter. The reason for this sinking may be a common technological defect, moisture or debris getting into the keyboard. As practice shows, with an inexpensive simple keyboard there is no point in disassembling it and trying to clean it, and it is much easier to buy a new one.
A key or several at once does not work at all. The cause of this malfunction is most often a defect in the manufacture of the keyboard or a problem with its cable.
In this case, you need to check the connection or simply purchase a new keyboard. If additional multimedia keys do not work, you should try installing or updating the driver. Absolutely “dead” keyboard.
The keyboard may not work at all due to either technical reasons (manufacturer's defect, breakdown during operation) or software reasons.
Causes of keyboard malfunction
Until recently, almost no one was interested in keyboard failures, since in case of any malfunction the keyboard was thrown out and a new one was purchased in its place.
But the “fat” times are behind us, and just as employers are in no hurry to spend money on a new keyboard, users are in no hurry to shell out 20-30 US dollars from their pockets to buy a new keyboard.
It’s a different story if the malfunction occurs in a laptop—the keyboards of which are individual and are almost always repaired rather than replaced with a new one. In this article, we propose to analyze the main causes of keyboard malfunctions. The most common problem with almost all keyboards is erasing the inscriptions on the keys.
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To solve the problem, you can use a temporary solution - stickers.
Experience shows that this method of solving problems is impractical - stickers quickly fly off or are erased again, so it is better not to regret 500 rubles and have an engraving on the keyboard or sign the buttons using a stamp.
Another common problem with keyboards is when it is no longer detected by the controller. If the USB keyboard is no longer detected, you can disconnect it and try connecting it to another USB port. If it doesn’t help, try rebooting with the keyboard already connected to the new port.
This trick will not work with old PS/2 keyboards - it can only be disconnected and connected when the computer is turned off.
If the keyboard does not come to life, then you should check it on another computer
Keyboard Maintenance
The keyboard needs to be cleaned from time to time. Dust settles in the recesses between the keys. Some users eat near the computer. What doesn't happen in keyboards! Bread crumbs, chips, paper clips, hair, clipped nails...
To get rid of this “good”, you need to take the keyboard (having first disconnected it from the computer), turn it over with the keys down, and, holding it suspended, lightly tap it on top. “Good” will fall down.
Next, lightly shake the keyboard from side to side to make sure there are no paper clips in it. If there are paper clips, they will knock on the walls, and the keyboard will most likely have to be disassembled. Dust from the top of the keyboard can be removed with a stiff brush.
Dirt from the keys can be removed using a neutral detergent (for example, dishwashing detergent, a few drops per glass of water). Or you can use rubbing alcohol for injection. Solvents cannot - they dissolve the plastic. And you can’t clean the dirt, and the appearance will deteriorate.
Reasons for decommissioning the keyboard and mouse
A mouse is a device that helps the user work on a computer. When it breaks down, many users do not know how to move from the keyboard to the necessary system icons. This situation leads to the end of the session and the search for service centers for the repair of electronic equipment, or purchasing a new device. Since the mouse is a reliable piece of equipment, in many cases the damage will be minor. Poor contact between the battery and the control board.2.
If you have such qualities as perseverance, attentiveness, and the ability to work with a tester and a soldering iron, then you can easily, based on the information provided, quickly determine the cause of the device failure and even repair it. Failure of one of the electronic components.3. Identifying the cause of the malfunction and methods for eliminating it. To begin investigating a broken device, you need to disconnect it from the power supply, remove the wireless communication module from the USB computer and remove the battery. To get to the control board in most models, just unscrew the fasteners located under the battery and use a flat Use a screwdriver to disconnect the upper part of the housing from the latches.
Visually or using a multimeter in the position of checking semiconductor devices, examine the plus and minus marks, connecting wires and soldering points for the presence of oxides and mechanical damage. Due to strong vibrations and mechanical stress, microcracks may occur at the junction of elements with board traces. Member of the Bar
Accounting for personal computers in a government institution
From Instructions No. 180n, the wording in the comments to Article 340 “Increasing the cost of inventories” of KOSGU is relevant to the topic under discussion. According to it, Article 340 includes the costs of paying for contracts for the acquisition (manufacturing) of objects related to inventories, including spare and (or) components for machinery, equipment, office equipment, computer equipment, telecommunication systems and local computer networks , systems for transmitting and displaying information, protecting information of information and computing systems, communications, etc.
- based on documents, the submission of which to the OFK is mandatory, it is not always possible to control the choice of articles 310 or 340 of KOSGU;
- refusal to authorize the payment of a monetary obligation when there is doubt about the correct choice of Articles 310 or 340 of KOSGU, when there are no direct instructions in the legislation, is illegal.
Reasons for decommissioning a computer
Contents The need to update computer equipment faces the management of every company - a small company or a large enterprise. Computers become obsolete very quickly, and therefore it is necessary to purchase new, modern equipment.
offers its services for professional examination, write-off and disposal of computer equipment. It is logical that the presence of outdated, non-working equipment on the balance sheet is a fairly noticeable gap in the financial statement for an organization.
In addition, bulky system units and monitors take up valuable office space.
Simply taking the equipment to a landfill is prohibited: the environmental legislation of the Russian Federation strictly regulates the process of recycling computer equipment. Therefore, the only correct solution is to contact specialists who will decommission computers at the enterprise on a turnkey basis in accordance with the requirements of the current law.
So, how does ExpertUtil work?
At the first stage, you contact our specialists and leave a request to write off your computer equipment. We assign you a personal manager who will supervise the project, prepare a commercial proposal for your order and answer all your questions; If you are satisfied with the terms of ExpertUtil, then we prepare a contract for the provision of services and send it to you, and also agree on a time convenient for you to carry out the examination; At the agreed time, ExpertUtil specialists will come to you and diagnose the equipment.
What to do if write-off office equipment contains precious metals?
Information about the presence of precious metals in decommissioned computer equipment can usually be found in the technical passport for this equipment. If the company's technical passport is lost, an examination should be carried out to determine the content of precious metals. To do this, you need to attract specialists from a licensed company.
The presence of precious metals in decommissioned computers (and this is about 80% of cases) means that
- They must be handed over to an appropriately licensed company for disposal.
- The recycling company must not only be licensed for activities related to the management of hazardous waste, but also have a registration certificate issued by the Committee of Precious Metals and Precious Stones under the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation (Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation dated June 25, 1992 No. 431).
The accepted disposal procedure and expert opinions of a licensed company must be reflected in the documents for write-off.
Expenses associated with the disposal of computer equipment can be taken into account as part of the non-operating expenses of the enterprise when calculating income tax (subclause 8, clause 1, article 265 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
Recycling of computer equipment
→ → Update: June 26, 2021 The components of any computer device contain a certain, albeit small, amount of precious metals. When purchasing computer equipment, each organization is obliged to take into account the precious metals it contains in accordance with the law.
If such “gold-containing” equipment fails, it cannot simply be thrown away. through specialized organizations is mandatory for everyone.
For the correct operation of modern software, increasingly powerful and fast computers are required. Unfortunately, there comes a time when upgrading equipment to meet the ever-increasing needs of programs is no longer possible. In this case, the reason for writing off the computer will be its obsolescence.
But the obsolescence of a computer must be confirmed by facts.
Among them may be the following:
- For the purchased program to work correctly, a certain version of the operating system is required, which cannot be installed on a computer with outdated parameters, etc.
- with a database processing rate of 1 hour, the computer “copes” with it in 3 (4, 5...) hours;
In addition, the reasons for the impossibility of modernization must be stated.
For example, components are not produced that are compatible with the existing computer configuration, which could increase performance or RAM. If this equipment cannot be used in another area of work, then the computers will have to be written off and disposed of.
If the system unit does not work
The inability to use a computer due to its breakdown is also a reason for writing off computer equipment. Examples of malfunctions include:
- burnout of several expensive components of the system unit due to a power surge (moisture, dust, etc.),
- physical deformation of the system unit case, leading to breakage of the elements located inside it,
- depressurization of the Bios battery and spilling of electrolyte onto the microcircuits,
- failure of the voltage stabilizer, leading to burnout of microcircuits, etc.
In the presence of such faults, writing off computer equipment is feasible only in cases where repair is impossible or the cost of repair is comparable to the cost of purchasing similar new equipment.
An organization can draw up a conclusion about the causes of the breakdown, as well as about the possibility of repair and its cost, if it has specialists on staff with the necessary qualifications. Otherwise, a conclusion for the write-off and disposal of computers and office equipment is provided by a specialized organization.
