An act for writing off low-value and wear-and-tear items: what it is and how to draw it up,

Each company purchases and uses many items that are classified as low-value and high-wear items (LHC). As the name suggests, the main criteria for classifying items into this category are the short service life and low price of the item. Low-value and wear-out items, for example, include household equipment. Despite the fact that the abbreviation IBP is not currently used or mentioned in the Chart of Accounts, this category has not disappeared from the turnover of companies and must be taken into account.

Resolution of the State Statistics Committee of Russia dated October 30, 1997 No. 71a approved unified primary forms for recording labor and its payment, materials, low-value and wear-out items, including form MB-8 - an act for writing off low-value and wear-out items. This act is used to formalize the liquidation of “used” and unsuitable for further use, low-value and rapidly wearing items.

What applies to low-value and high-wear items?

In all organizations, one way or another, there is inexpensive and not particularly valuable property that is used in current work. It is not reflected as a fixed asset and its cost is quite small. This includes:

• computer and office equipment;
• Consumables;
• pieces of furniture;
• workwear;
• dishes;
• cleaning and detergents, etc.

This group also includes some tools, equipment, inventory, spare parts, in general, everything that is used to solve various problems in production, but quickly wears out and requires constant replacement.

In order to determine that an item is truly of low value and wears out quickly, you need to make sure that its shelf life does not exceed one year, and its cost does not exceed 40 thousand rubles.

What is IBP

In almost every type of activity and in industry, there is inventory that does not belong to the main means of production, but is a mandatory accompanying type of materials. Such equipment has a short lifespan during the labor process due to the fact that it quickly loses its usefulness.

In accounting, they were given the term “low-value wearable items,” abbreviated as LBP. Their cost, despite the short period of use, is included in the company’s reserves.

Note! It is the shelf life of inventory that is the main criterion for inclusion in the IBP list. Their number accounts for the entire part of the organization’s materials, the period of use of which is less than 1 year.

Based on these boundaries in relation to the characteristics of materials and things, the following goods can be classified as IBP:

• work clothes and footwear for workers
• quickly wearing parts of office equipment
• catering utensils
• household utensils, detergents and cleaning products, etc.

Such inventory and materials, regardless of the period of suitability and cost, can include various additional devices for narrow purposes, special tools, without which it is impossible to carry out production tasks. Among the names of such items are the following:

• replacement spare parts for machine tools and other equipment
• fishing equipment
• chainsaws

However, this should not include construction tools; mechanisms, equipment used in agriculture; animals used in farming. They are classified as fixed assets, and their service life and cost do not affect their inclusion in the IBP group.

The meaning of the write-off act

All property that the organization has must be recorded in special documentation. The fact of its presence has a direct impact on taxation (although only when using certain schemes, for example, the general tax system).

At the same time, in order to get rid of the property registered to the enterprise, it is necessary to draw up a special act - such a document allows you to write off unnecessary, obsolete, worn-out materials, equipment, etc. in a legal way.

For each type of inventory, there are different forms of documents; there is a special form for writing off low-value and wear-and-tear items.

What to pay attention to when registering

The execution of the act is completely left to the compiler. Form MB-8 can be filled out in handwriting or on a computer, while when printing it, you can use the organization’s letterhead or an ordinary sheet of paper.

The only condition that must be met: the act must be signed by all responsible persons included in the commission (autographs of employees involved in writing off low-value and wear-out items must be “live”).

But it is necessary to certify the form using a seal or stamp only if the norm for the use of stamp products is enshrined in the internal regulatory documents of the organization.

The act is drawn up in one copy , but if necessary, additional copies can be made.

Creation of a commission

Any property of an enterprise is written off, as a rule, by a specially created commission. It may include both company employees and third-party experts.

The appointment of commission members occurs by drawing up an appropriate order, which also approves the need to write off low-value items and which is issued on behalf of the director of the organization.

Members of the commission perform the following actions:

• study technical documentation (if any),
• certify the fact that the property has fallen into disrepair, is outdated or worn out,
• looking for reasons for this
• record that repair and further use of these inventory items is impossible.

What material assets are taken into account on the balance sheet?

Material assets that were transferred or came into the custody of an organization without transferring ownership rights to them, as well as strict reporting forms that are at the disposal of the organization, fall under off-balance sheet accounting of material assets.

The following material assets are subject to accounting on the balance sheet:

• fixed assets leased by the enterprise;
• property received for free use;
• materials and raw materials accepted from suppliers for processing;
• equipment accepted from customers for subsequent installation;
• goods accepted for commission;
• property in safekeeping:
• valuables sent by suppliers to the enterprise by mistake;
• defects from suppliers that have not passed acceptance;
• property released to buyers according to documents, but not actually taken by them from the enterprise.

For material assets that are the property of other economic entities, their balance sheet accounting is already carried out by enterprises and organizations to which they belong by right of ownership, and off-balance sheet accounting of material assets is necessary in order to exclude the possibility of their repeated balance sheet accounting at another enterprise.

Strict reporting forms - diplomas, work books, certificates cannot be taken into account as property belonging to the organization, since they are used to certify important facts, events and rights of third parties, but the organization in whose possession they are until the moment of use is responsible for their controlled expenditure .

Features of drawing up an act, sample

Today, there is no mandatory, unified form of an act for writing off low-value and wear-and-tear items, so employees of enterprises have every right to write an act in any form or, if the organization has a developed and approved sample document, according to its template. In addition, very often company representatives prefer to use the previously generally used form MB-8. This is due to the fact that it is clear and convenient in structure, contains all the necessary information, and there is no need to rack your brains over the composition of the document.

Filling out the header of the MB-8 form

The “header” of the form contains several lines for approval by its director - without his autograph the act will not acquire legal force. Then it is indicated:

• number assigned to the act;
• name of the organization and structural unit in which the write-off occurs, its OKPO code.

Filling out the front page of form MB-8

Under the “header” of the document there is the first table, where the following is entered:

• date of drawing up the act;
• transaction type code (in accordance with the classifier);
• structural unit that writes off inventory items;
• type of company activity (according to OKVED);
• information about the subaccount and analytical accounting code.

Below you enter the date of formation of the commission, the order number and the fact of write-off is recorded.

The second table includes detailed information about the property being written off:

• its name,
• quantity,
• cost,
• date of receipt,
• service life,
• reason for write-off and other characteristics.

Filling out the back page of form MB-8

On the reverse side of the act, there is first a continuation of the previous table, at the bottom of which the totals for the items being written off are summarized. Below it is indicated the total number of items, numbers and dates of their disposal. The last table of the act includes information about disposal.

The main features of the IBP for inclusion in the write-off act

Workwear wears out quickly

Due to the short service life of SBPs, they must be written off when preparing financial statements.

For this purpose, a special form MB-8 is used, an act for writing off low-value and wearable items.

How can we determine that an item belongs to the IBP and can be included in this document?

How to correctly apply the rationale for things and materials so that they truly are IBP.

From the name of such materials it can be understood that the criteria for including such production equipment in this group are low price and rapid wear.

The time limit for suitability for classifying things as IBP changed periodically. Only the service life remained constant for one year.

Based on these justifications, it can theoretically be assumed that there are 4 main options for evaluating purchased items for the group we are considering:

• The price of the item is below the monetary limit, but its useful life may be more than one year.
• The cost of the inventory is more than the limit, but it is suitable for use for up to 1 year.
• The material does not exceed the cost of purchasing it from the established upper limit, but will last more than 12 months.
• The item lasts less than 1 year and costs less than the price limit.

Quite recently, only by the fourth characteristic of an object could it be included in the IBP. As for the first, second and third groups, previously these were fixed assets. At the same time, in production they often resorted to a price limit, without taking into account the service period.

In this way, IBEs were formed into an independent group, which was dealt with by entire departments of institutes, conducting various studies on them.

Is this underrated?

Very often, to ensure uninterrupted operation of production, an enterprise purchases office equipment and similar goods for personal use for a long time.

New objects are characterized by the fact that:

• used in the direct production of products or for management purposes;
• have been in use for more than one calendar year;
• are not purchased for the purpose of resale;
• contributes to profit generation.

The listed characteristics allow these objects to be classified as fixed assets in accordance with PBU 6/01.

But, at the same time, this same provision makes it possible to take into account funds whose cost does not exceed 40 thousand rubles as part of the inventory. It is only important to fix the upper limit of cost in the accounting policy.

As a result, low-value or low-value items are items purchased by a company for personal use over a long period of time, but are immediately written off in full to the cost of production.

Only special clothing cannot be included in this category of objects, since in accordance with legislative norms it belongs to a specially taken into account type of property.

Write-off of low value

The receipt of low-value property established by the accounting policy is accounted for as inventories in an additional sub-account opened to account 10 “Materials” at actual cost.

The transaction is credited with a score of 60.

Next, the cost of the received objects is written off to production in full as part of the costs of core activities.

Accordingly, the actual value of the low-priced property is transferred to the debit of expense accounts 20, 26, 44. For accounting purposes, the cost of low-priced property recognized as inventory can be written off on the same date together with capitalization, regardless of the fact of payment.

Finally, the number of low-value items is recorded on an off-balance sheet account or by maintaining a unified card for each item.

Act of low value

In the case of low-value and wearable items that last less than a year, the unified form of the MB-8 act is used when writing off. Most often, such an act is issued at the moment when the property becomes unsuitable for further use in the production process.

Each company has the right to develop its own easy-to-write form for writing off low-value inventories, using the approved form as a sample.

The decision to write off low-value items from production can be made by:

• responsible persons, approved by personnel documents for the enterprise;
• a special liquidation commission appointed by resolution of the head of the company.

Rapidly worn out inventory is displayed in the act at actual cost, taking into account all expenses directly related to them.

Sales of low value items are most often carried out at the same cost. If the sales price exceeds the actual price, the amount of the difference is included in the income book.

The act is drawn up in one copy, signed by the commission, the responsible person and goes to the accounting department.

Based on his data, the accountant writes off these materials from accounting.

Accounting policy

An accounting policy is a regulatory document that regulates the combination of legislative norms and independent convenient decisions of the organization on the issue of maintaining financial records.

It is developed by the chief accountant, who is obliged to take into account all the nuances of accounting and tax accounting intended for use by his employees.

One of the significant and mandatory sections of the document is the rules and regulations established by the company for accounting and assessing the flow of funds, including low-value property.

Accounting for low value

With regard to low value, the accounting policy should contain the following constructive norms and rules:

1. The amount of the limit on the value of objects, within which they can be classified as low-value inventories. The maximum legal limit for the limit is 40 thousand rubles. Otherwise, the enterprise will not have a low value and any item whose service life is more than a year will have to be taken into account as part of fixed assets. The value limit of less than 40 thousand rubles will lead to a difference between accounting for accounting and tax purposes.
2. Option for assessing the write-off of low-value property, including its use in the production cycle. For any MPP, there are three assessment methods:

• at unit cost;
• according to the average cost value;
• FIFO.

1. List and forms of documentation used to secure data on the movement of low-value objects.
2. Accounting accounts of low value:

• subcount to count 10;
• off-balance sheet account to control actual availability.

Off-balance sheet accounting

For off-balance sheet accounting of low-value property, account 012 “Low-valued property” is recommended. As a result, it keeps a quantitative record of all inexpensive and written-off items that remain effective in the company's business activities.

The use of off-balance sheet accounting for inventories classified as low-value allows you to:

• control their movements after debiting account 10;
• keep records of employees responsible for the rational use of these facilities;
• confirm the feasibility of additional expenses tied to the low price.

All accounting information for low-value items after write-off is recorded in a special journal. The name, inventory number, dates of receipt and disposal and responsible persons are noted on the sheets of the book.

Low value up to what amount?

Acquired objects whose value is in the range of up to 40 thousand rubles can be considered low-value property.

At the same time, the maximum amount for classifying small items in accounting as low-value, in other words, as materials, is established by the internal documents of the enterprise, first of all, by the accounting policy.

It is important for any financial specialist dealing with low-value goods to distinguish between:

• for accounting, the cost limit is set by the company independently in the range from 0 to 40 thousand rubles;
• For tax accounting, property purchased for less than 40 thousand rubles is always not depreciated.

It is more profitable to set matching limits for the convenience of maintaining both accounts. In addition, it will be possible to remove property of this category from property taxation.

How to write off a low value?

Write-offs of low value are carried out in compliance with a number of recommendations:

1. Accounting provides for the reflection of the receipt of these funds in the debit of account 10 “Materials”, and the disposal or write-off of the loan in correspondence with expenditure and production accounts. Low-value objects are written off in parallel with their release into the production process.
2. The write-off operation is subject to documentation by filling out the appropriate unified forms. Just like other types of MPZ, low-value items are written off in the form of an act, which indicates the name and number of items. The act must necessarily contain information about the reason for the write-off and contain the signatures of the manager, chief accountant, accountant for goods and materials and MOL.

How to draw up an act?

To draw up an act, a special type of information is provided. The form was developed according to the MB-8 form, approved at the legislative level of the Russian Federation. The document code is indicated in the OKUD classifier with the value 0320004. But, despite the same requirements for the execution of this act, organizations can edit it and make their own changes for ease of filling out.

Before you begin to draw up documentation for the write-off of an IBP, a decision must be made about this by the management of the organization. It can also be accepted by representatives of the commission, which includes experts.

The order to appoint competent members of the commission is issued by the head of the organization.

During the work, members of the commission examine quickly worn-out equipment and study the technical documentation attached to it. Thus, the degree of wear and suitability of the inspected tools and other materials associated with the production process is established.

When writing off certain items, the commission is based not only on examination data. All characteristics set out in the technical documentation are taken into account.

When filling out the columns of the form for writing off IBP, their initial cost is first displayed. It is taken from the costs that were actually spent on their acquisition or production.

If it is decided that such items can be sold, then this can happen either at the same cost or at a price different from the original price of the product. It must be taken into account that when they are sold for an amount exceeding their cost, the difference must be included in the organization’s income.

In other cases, an act is drawn up for the write-off of low-value and wear-and-tear items, the form of which is filled out separately by type of similar items in a single copy. The completed form is transferred to the warehouse together with the MBP to be disposed of.

Storekeepers are required to sign the form to confirm that materials have been written off. From the warehouse, the document goes to the accounting department as a fundamental act for removing unsuitable materials and tools from accounting.

Accounting

Today, the work of an accountant with an IBP is carried out in strict accordance with PBU 5/98 “Accounting for inventories.”

It clearly states that all IBPs, without exception, have the following stages:

• Adoption;
• exploitation;
• exception.

Depending on the product life cycle, they are taken into account in one of the following options:

• Adoption;
• provision;
• transition to work;
• wear;
• write-off

At the same time, the fact of receipt and provision of IBP is taken into account in the same way as for the material.

The use of this product category is reflected in accounting in its own way. Here, the type of accounting used and the write-off itself play an important role.

Accounting features are as follows:

• if the cost of the IBP is no more than 1/20 of the established cost limit, then the fact of writing off these products is carried out during the period of their provision for use;
• if the cost of the IBP exceeds 1/20 of the established price, then depreciation is necessary, and the number of goods produced must be taken into account.

In the second option, depreciation can be calculated using one of the following options:

1. Interest. Here, it is possible to use depreciation instantly during the transition to production, or 50% of depreciation during use, and the remaining 50% in the process of elimination.
2. Linear. In this method, the period of use of the product is compared with the production rate.

Which option is most optimal is decided by the immediate management of the company.

Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that the following main stages of accounting are distinguished:

1. Receipt.
2. Providing IBP.
3. Transfer of items for their intended use.
4. Detection of wear.
5. Carrying out write-off of items.

These stages are key and can rarely be supplemented with other points.

What are the accounting entries for IBP?

In the process of forming accounting for IBP, several methods have been developed for reflecting them in transactions:

• Upon receipt, they were received and transferred for use with the cost entered into account 12 “Low-value wearable items.” At the end of each month during the year, 1/12 of the purchase price was written off. Although the period of use could exceed a calendar year, the cost of the MBP was subject to complete write-off within 12 months.
• When an item was handed over to the facility’s workflow, the amount was immediately reduced by 50% due to wear and tear. The remaining half was not touched until the final moment of its decommissioning.

Since the second write-off method was much simpler for an accountant, it was preferred by organizations.

When writing off using the first method, its shortcomings were identified. In the month when the MBP was purchased, its full cost was reflected in the entries and unjustified profits immediately increased.

And although in the future the amount gradually decreased due to wear and tear and, accordingly, contributed to a decrease in profits in the future, this was still not entirely correct.

Both methods of writing off IBP are considered imperfect from a scientific point of view. There is another significant drawback in accounting for IBP, which concerns things with very low prices.

To facilitate accounting for products, accountants ensured that low-value funds were immediately written off as operating expenses in the month they were received.

In this case, there is no need to calculate the percentage of depreciation or amortization, which is a convenient point for accounting.

Theorists were outraged by this write-off procedure, but this did not affect the outcome of the case.

Practice has shown the advantages of this method of writing off IBP, since it immediately reduced the revenue side in the month of purchase and made it easier to account for them.

Since the amount of depreciation is included in production costs, it must be taken into account when determining the tax contribution.

As we have already described, very often in practice accounting is carried out in the two most convenient ways:

• calculation of depreciation in the amount of 50% of the original cost when issuing them from the warehouse for operation, and the second half after receiving the decommissioning certificate for the IBP
• reflect 100% wear and tear when issuing MBP to workers to perform production tasks

The law does not provide for strict restrictions on this matter, therefore the enterprise has the right to independently choose the most convenient method of calculating depreciation of the IBP and apply it throughout the entire calendar year.

To enter information on the depreciation of low-value items with a short useful life, use account 13 “Depreciation of IBP”. According to its credit, in correspondence with the production cost accounts, the amount of depreciation of the IBP is shown, and the debit of account 13 from credit 12 reflects the purchase cost of inventory that has been retired.

They formalize the transfer of the IBP into operation for long-term use using an invoice.

In case of their breakdown, damage, loss of tools and devices, the head of the department must draw up a decommissioning act for the IBP. An exception in these cases concerns circumstances in which the worker’s guilt in the unsuitability of the IBP is established, since the cost of a damaged or lost item must be deducted from his salary.

Features of using accounts in IBP accounting, depreciation and basic postings

It is most correct for an enterprise in the area of ​​low value to use this approach:

1. IBPs whose expected lifespan is more than a year should be taken into account on the account. 01 (on the corresponding sub-account).
2. MBP that will be in operation for up to a year - on the account. 10 (subcount 9 or 10).

• In the first case, the corresponding subaccount will serve as a contract account. 02.
• In the second: to the account. 10 (10) → count. 10 (11).
• On the account 10 (9) takes into account inventory and household supplies, so it does not need a contract.

When a low-value asset will be used in production for more than 12 months, the accountant makes the following notes:

When using the MBP for less than a year, the postings are as follows:

Capitalization of inventory and household supplies is carried out according to the account. 10 (9). They will be listed until they go into service. At the same time, this type of low value is written off in its entirety. The cost is included in the costs for the item for which they are used. The wiring is as follows:

When writing off MBP (with a service life of up to a year) for the corresponding current expenses, their cost is equal to zero. When depreciation is charged in parts, the IBP will have a certain residual value for some time.

Thus, depending on the period of operation of the low-priced asset and the corresponding method of calculating depreciation, a balance is obtained, in the active item of which is the full cost of the IBP, and in the contractual item is a similar minus cost. As a result, the value of the low price is zero.

Example No. 3. The cashier-businessman bought printer paper in the amount of 1,500 rubles for cash. An advance report, supported by a cash receipt, was submitted to the accounting department. It includes VAT - 228.75. The paper has been handed over for use. Accounting entries:

How to issue an order on a commission for writing off an IBP

In order to regulate issues related to the write-off of IBP at the enterprise, a permanent commission is appointed by order of the manager. Who needs to be appointed in such cases and what are the nuances of its design?

The commission must include any persons from the administration of the enterprise who are competent in matters of wear and tear and accounting of small-scale equipment. These can be persons from the engineering and technical staff of the enterprise, accounting department, quality control department, laboratory, if there is one in production. The main thing is that people can competently assess and justify the deterioration of the MBP.

The order indicates the positions and individual details of each member of the commission. Then they enter the reason for issuing the decree: “In order to organize work to establish storage periods for documents, carry out their selection for archival storage and use, I order: Create an expert commission.” Next comes a list of the members of the commission, starting with the chairman.

The issue is not regulated by legislative acts. If one of the commission members is absent at the time of decommissioning, a temporary order is issued to appoint another commission member in his place for the duration of his illness or other reason for not going to work.

Off-balance sheet account: accounting, property, fixed assets

Attention Therefore, such valuables are transferred to off-balance sheet account 004 at the prices specified in the act. At the time of transfer, these figures are written off in full. The problem will arise if the organization reflects such goods on the balance sheet account. The tax authorities may qualify the agreement as an ordinary purchase and sale. If the goods are paid for by the consignor by a third-party supplier, then it will not be possible to prove the legality of the transaction even in court. Inventory and materials The correctness of property tax calculation depends on the completeness of the information reflected in account 002. If the inspection reveals that an organization acquired fixed assets and unreasonably capitalized them into an off-balance sheet account, then the taxpayer will have to pay a fine and additional tax. Ownership rights are critical in such transactions. It is important to draw it up when inexpensive property has completely worn out and has become unsuitable for further use for its intended purpose. The BM-8 form is not mandatory today. But it can be taken as a basis for developing your own form of act at the enterprise. The decision to write off low-value assets is made by the liquidation commission. She is appointed as a manager and collaborates with the accounting staff. Low-value property must be recorded at its actual cost when written off. The document is signed by each member of the commission, approved by the head and sent to the accounting department.

Based on it, the accounting employee writes off the low value from the account. Off-balance sheet accounting of low-value property To carry out off-balance sheet accounting of low-value property, it is advisable to use an off-balance sheet account. 012.

What should be included in the act

There are no particular difficulties in documenting the write-off of IBP. For this purpose, the commission or the head of the unit draws up a normative act in the MB-8 form.

The document should reflect the following parameters:

• positions and individual details of commission members
• name of the IBP
• the retiring quantity in units of measurement that is used to account for these materials or products
• reason for write-off

After filling out the information about the recycled IBP, the commission members sign the act. It must also contain the signatures of the accountant for accounting of inventory items and the financially responsible person. After signing by all these persons, the document is endorsed by the chief accountant and the manager.

When should you draw up an act for writing off low-value items?

Any company has one or another property that it uses in its activities, but does not reflect in accounting as a fixed asset (FPE), since the cost of such property does not exceed 40,000 rubles. These could be, for example, computers, scanners, printers, some office furniture, etc. Despite the fact that such objects are not considered OS, they have a certain service life, after which the company can no longer operate them. In such a situation, it becomes necessary to write off these property items.

For these purposes, a special act is drawn up.

NOTE! Currently, there is no single form of the act in question that is mandatory for all companies. At the same time, until 2013, this was the MB-8 template, approved by Decree of the State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation dated October 30, 1997 No. 71a.

Therefore, when writing off low-value property in 2021, a company can use the standard form of the MB-8 act or draw up a write-off act developed independently. The decision on which form will be used for this purpose is fixed in the accounting policy.

Documentation of the fact of write-off must be preceded by a decision of a special commission that a specific low-value object is no longer advisable to use in work.

The document in question is drawn up in 1 copy. As soon as the act is drawn up and the written-off property is transferred to the storage room as scrap, such a document should be transferred to the company’s accounting department.

Top five questions that are asked most often

Question No. 1. The individual entrepreneur is engaged in leasing space in the administrative building. They are furnished with furniture purchased at the expense of the individual entrepreneur. Is it possible to write them down as expenses and reflect them in accounting?

Such costs can be included in expenses. They are completely economically justified, since renting out space along with the furniture installed on it is a source of income for this individual entrepreneur.

Question No. 2. The company (OSNO) purchases about a hundred items of office supplies every quarter. They are immediately distributed to employees to ensure their work. Is it necessary to reflect the cost of office supplies in which primary documents?

To avoid claims from auditors and tax authorities, you should do this.

• Goods are accounted for. 10 with this notation: Dt 10 → Kt 71
• The receipt order is filled out.
• When distributing stationery to employees, a demand invoice is issued. On its basis, the value of the low value is written off: Dt 26 → Kt 10

Question No. 3. How to determine the amount of low-value property?

The amount depends on the characteristics of the enterprise. IBP does not include OS whose cost is more than 40 thousand rubles. These two factors should be taken into account and fixed for accounting purposes (mandatory) in the order on accounting policies.

Question No. 4. Is it possible to write off low-value property on the day it is received if payment for it has not yet been reflected in the accounts?

Is it possible. In accounting, a low value can be written off at the same time it is received. Whether the payment has been made or not is irrelevant.

Question No. 5. An individual entrepreneur bought a microwave for his employees. Will its cost be included in the expenses of the simplified tax system?

No. Expenses can only include those that are fully justified and used in production. In every enterprise, IBP accounting should not be underestimated, although it is an inexpensive asset.

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When the low-valuation will be used in production for more than 12 months, the accountant makes the following notes: Accounts Description Debit Credit 08 60 The low-valuation is capitalized upon the fact of its receipt 19 (1) 60 Reflection of VAT 01 08 The low-valuation is put into operation 68 19 (1) VAT is credited 20 or 23 02 Depreciation has been accrued (all 100% of the value of the low-priced value can be applied at once, or part of it for the first quarter or year) 02 01 The depreciation amount has been written off (but not before the object is completely written off) When using IBP for less than a year, the postings are as follows: Accounts Description Debit Credit 10 (10) 60 IBP are capitalized according to the facts of their receipt 19 (1) 60 VAT 20 or 23 10 (11) Low-valuation is transferred for use 68 19 VAT is credited 10 (11) 02 Depreciation is written off in 100% of the value of low-valuation Inventory and household supplies are capitalized according to account 10 (9). They will be listed until they go into service.

Attribution to otcdi from what amount in 2021

In January 2021, the organization acquired a fixed asset worth RUB 150,000. The property was registered in February and paid for in May of the same year. This means the amount is 150,000 rubles. need to be divided by 3: after all, there are three quarters left until the end of the year, taking into account the quarter when the OS is put into operation.

Fixed assets

1. armored and automotive vehicles;
2. production tools, household and office appliances, computing equipment.
3. machine tools, power plants, lifting machines and other equipment necessary to ensure statutory purposes;
4. fire fighting, special equipment;
5. special equipment for key areas of activity;

Starting from 2021, the minimum value has been increased, which allows property to be classified as fixed assets in tax accounting. At the same time, in accounting, the value of this indicator remained the same. As a result, inexpensive objects are now reflected differently in NU and ACC, and this raises questions when applying PBU 18/02 (see “How to apply PBU 18/02 “Accounting for corporate income tax calculations” in practice)”). In this article we will explain how to account for temporary differences, as well as deferred tax liabilities and assets.

Regulatory regulation of accounting for small business enterprises

The federal law determines the requirements for accounting and execution of primary documentation

The order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia approves PBU 5/01 for accounting for inventories

The Decree of the State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation approved the form of primary documentation MB-8

Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation Chart of accounts

Conditions and period of document storage

After the process of writing off the property is completed, the act must be kept along with other similar documents in the archives of the enterprise in case of a possible tax audit. The duration of storage is determined by the internal regulations of the enterprise or the legislation of the Russian Federation. After the act loses its relevance, it can be disposed of.

Regulations:

• Law of July 16, 1999 No. 996-XIV “On accounting and financial reporting in Ukraine” (hereinafter referred to as Law No. 996);
• Order of the Ministry of Statistics dated May 22, 1996 No. 145 “On approval of standard forms of primary accounting documents for accounting of low-value and wear-and-tear items” (hereinafter referred to as Order No. 145);
• Order of the Ministry of Statistics dated June 21, 1996 No. 193 “On approval of forms of primary documents for accounting of raw materials and supplies” (hereinafter referred to as Order No. 193);
• Methodological recommendations for accounting of inventories, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance dated January 10, 2007 No. 2 (hereinafter referred to as Method Recommendations No. 2);
• Regulations on documentary support of accounting records, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance dated May 24, 1995 No. 88 (hereinafter referred to as Regulation No. 88).

Reason for using MB-8

Despite the fact that there is an approved form MB-8, from 01/01/2013 this form is not mandatory for use in work. Commercial enterprises can develop and approve at the local level their own forms for recording the movement of small and medium-sized goods.

The definition of IBP was given in PBU 5/98 (not in force today) and stated: part of the organization’s materials and equipment used as means of labor for a period of up to 12 months or during the operating cycle (if the cycle is more than 12 months), or have a cost estimate of date of purchase no more than 100 minimum wages (the limit was approved by the organization) and was taken into account on accounts 12 and 13.

Currently, MBP is also the main part of production activity, it is classified as working capital and is accounted for as part of the inventory on the basis of PBU 5/01.

Since IBPs are in constant motion, there is also a fairly large amount of documentation on them. An act for writing off the IBP (MB-8) is used when:

• loss
• damage
• expiration of service life
• breakdowns, etc.

Answers to common questions

Question No. 1 : Perhaps the enterprise is faced with a natural loss of small business enterprises. How will this affect income taxes?

Answer : The norms of natural loss, developed by industry departments and approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 12, 2002 No. 814, can reduce the tax base, but within the established limits of these norms (subclause 2, clause 7, article 254 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

Question No. 2 : Due to the introduction of new technology, costs for IBP have decreased, how can I issue a refund?

Answer : Due to the fact that each technology used provides its own economic benefits, they must be calculated independently based on standards. And they can be taken into account during transfer to the warehouse. The organization can, subject to reducing the use of IBPs, either use them if necessary, or implement them.

The procedure for filling out the MB-8 form

Federal Law 3 for the preparation of documents (regardless of whether a unified or independently developed document form is used) identifies the following mandatory details:

1. full title of the document
2. date when the document was drawn up
3. organization that compiled the document
4. content of the operation performed (recognition of unsuitability and scrapping of the MBP)
5. quantity and units of measurement
6. positions of persons who completed the operation
7. signatures of persons and their decoding

Directly in MB-8 there are design features:

• the corresponding account is indicated
• name of the IBP, its nomenclature and inventory numbers (for each IBP separately)
• date of receipt and service life
• basis, reason for write-off
• sums up the written-off small business enterprises
• registration of scrap or scrap, its destruction indicating the delivery invoice number
• signatures of all commission members are placed in accordance with the order

Synthetic and analytical accounting of IBP

Synthetic accounting of IBP is maintained on account 10 Materials; subaccounts are allocated for IBP:

1. Inventory and household supplies
2. Special equipment and special clothing in stock
3. Special equipment and special clothing in use

Analytical accounting is maintained for each type of IBP, for which the enterprise can create a journal that reflects the availability, issue, MOL, etc.

Include the cost of low-value property as part of material expenses. In this case, the organization has the right to independently establish the procedure for writing off such property in its accounting policy for tax purposes.

State Advisor of the Tax Service of the Russian Federation, 1st rank E. Popova

What is important to remember to fill out the form correctly

Filling out the act in form MB-8 does not present any difficulties. In particular, it is required to indicate:

• name of the object being written off;
• its nomenclature and inventory numbers;
• unit of measurement;
• cost and number of objects being written off (if they are of the same type);
• passport number of the item being written off;
• the date when operation of the facility began;
• date and reason for write-off.

After the act is completed and executed, both the chairman of the commission and all its members put their signatures at the end of the document, indicating their initials and positions.

The procedure for drawing up the act is completed by the storekeeper, who marks the date of acceptance of the written-off low-value property into the warehouse.

The composition of the information reflected in the act developed independently should be similar.

You can download a completed sample based on the MB-8 form on our website.

IMPORTANT! If it is simultaneously decided to write off several items at once, the MB-8 act must be issued separately for each such item, if they belong to different types. A general act can be for several items of the same type.

Is it necessary to restore the asset to the balance sheet?

In practice, many accountants are not limited to the above entries. They create an additional operation, the essence of which is to restore previously written-off values ​​on the balance sheet.

This is done due to the fact that a number of accounting programs do not provide for a standard transaction for the sale of “off-balance sheet” property. And in order to carry out such an implementation, one would have to create postings manually, which is extremely undesirable. In addition, without a standard operation, the program cannot automatically generate a shipping invoice, and you have to issue this document yourself. Therefore, in order to “deceive” the program, the asset is first debited to account 10 again, and only after that the sale is completed.

However, it is impossible to restore an asset at its actual cost, as this will lead to the creation of income and expenses that actually do not exist. For this reason, the object is re-listed not at real, but at symbolic value - for example, equal to 1 kopeck. In this case, the accountant makes the following entries:

DEBIT 10 CREDIT 91 subaccount “Income” – 0.01 rub. — the asset is capitalized for sale; DEBIT 91 subaccount “Expenses” CREDIT 10 – 0.01 rub. — the cost of the asset is written off

As a result, the program allows you to easily sell an object that is included on the balance sheet along with other materials. At the same time, all necessary transactions are created and a printed form of the shipping invoice is generated.

General provisions

Low-value wear-and-tear items (hereinafter referred to as LBP) are a special type of inventory (clause 6 of P(S)BU 9). Their main features are: low cost and, due to rapid wear and tear, a short period of use - no longer than one year.

The following can act as IBPs:

• various tools and devices, special equipment;
• household equipment;
• means of protection against the harmful effects of the working environment (working clothes, safety shoes);
• containers that enterprises use to store inventory in warehouses, production workshops, and during transportation (clause 6.2 Method of Recommendations No. 2).

IBPs are accounted for in account 22 of the same name - provided that they are used for no more than a year or a normal operating cycle, if it lasts more than a year (Instruction No. 291).

IBP are accounted for on the balance sheet at their original cost (clause 8 of P(S)BU 9). The procedure for determining the initial cost of inventories is given in paragraphs 9–13 of P(S)BU 9.

When transferred into operation, MBPs are excluded from the assets, and their value is written off from the balance sheet to the corresponding expense accounts. Then it is necessary to organize operational quantitative accounting of MBP at places of operation and responsible persons during the period of their actual use (clause 23 P(S)BU 9, clause 2.22 of Method Recommendations No. 2). At the same time, it is convenient to conduct analytical accounting of small business enterprises by their types, homogeneous groups, etc., based on the needs of the enterprise. SBPs can also be written off from the balance sheet if they are damaged or out of stock.

If the MBPs are returned from service to the warehouse and are still suitable for further use, then they are again credited to account 22 at net realizable value. Net realizable value is the expected selling price of an IBP minus the expected costs of its sale (clause 26 P(S)BU 9). At the same time, income for the same amount is recognized (entry Dt 22 - Kt 719 “Other income from operating activities”).

As of the balance sheet date, small items in the warehouse can be discounted to net realizable value or revalued within the limits of a previously carried out markdown in accordance with clauses 24–28 P(S)BU 9. In this case, expenses are recognized in accounting (entry Dt 946 “Expenses from depreciation of inventories " – Kt 22) and income (posting Dt 22 – Kt 741 “Other operating income”).

To document transactions related to the movement of small business enterprises, standard forms of primary documents approved by Order No. 145 are used. But to record the movement of small business enterprises, you can use both standard forms provided for by law and independently developed ones. However, independently developed documents must contain all the required details.

What should be considered low-value and wearable property

For a long time, low-value and wearable items were taken into account in account 13. But now it is missing, although the MBPs themselves have not disappeared anywhere. By all criteria, this material resource should be classified as fixed assets, but its value is too small to be included in the corresponding OS account (01). Therefore, although the term IBE is not used in professional accounting language, low value is present.

It includes current assets for which:

• cost - for one unit no more than 40 thousand rubles;
• operating time - up to a year or two;
• subsequent resale is not envisaged.

They are also characterized by:

• application in the manufacture of goods directly or for the purpose of managing the production process;
• assistance in generating income.

Low-value property is included in current assets, and their value is written off as expenses:

• completely, provided that the service life is one year;
• in parts, when he is 2 years old.

Although small business enterprises are written off, they continue to be reflected in accounting (not in tax accounting) as part of industrial property. And at the enterprise, their movement must be constantly monitored to ensure safety. It is for the safety of the physical value that low value, even with zero value, is taken into account in the documentation. And this happens before it is completely worn out. The accounting policy should establish the maximum value of low-priced items.

IBP are items that are purchased by an enterprise in order to use them for a long time. But their cost is immediately written off in full to the cost of production.

Example No. 1. The organization bought a filing cabinet, paying 25 thousand rubles for it. (without VAT). This acquisition relates to furniture, that is, to fixed assets. But since its cost is less than the established limit (40 thousand rubles), the table is considered low-priced. 25 thousand rubles. written off to management expenses immediately upon commissioning.

Features of accounting for low value under the simplified tax system. Differences from OSNO

Since the low value property is not included in fixed assets, it can be written off as expenses according to the simplified tax system. But this can only be done after the IBP has been put into operation. The cost of only those SBPs that actually participate in the production process is subject to write-off.

For example, when purchasing a refrigerator to ensure the storage of finished products, its cost is included in expenses under the simplified tax system. When it is purchased for a household room, then the presence of its cost in expenses is unjustified. The table shows the differences in accounting for low value under the OSNO and the simplified tax system:

The legislation does not force simplifiers to keep accounting records. But this does not apply to fixed assets and intangible assets. Therefore, low value items, for example, stationery, are not reflected in any accounts.

What is considered low value in 2021 from what amount

Despite the fact that these resources correspond to the characteristics of fixed assets, it is impossible to take them into account as part of these assets due to their paltry cost, which is incomparable with the price of fixed assets. Therefore, IBE includes assets procured or purchased directly for production needs and contributing to an increase in income received.

Sources

• https://assistentus.ru/forma/mb-8-akt-na-spisanie-malocennyh-predmetov/
• https://VyborPrava.com/trud/kakoj-inventar-vnosit-v-akt-na-spisanie-malotsennyh-i-bystroiznashivayushhihsya-predmetov.html
• https://k-nt.ru/provodki/malocenka-do-kakoj-summy.html
• https://online-buhuchet.ru/mb-8-akt-na-spisanie-malocennyx-i-bystroiznashivayushhixsya-predmetov/