Concept and composition of fixed assets
What is OS?
The fixed assets of an enterprise include assets that have a material expression and strictly meet the criteria established by law, which we will discuss in more detail in the next section of the article. Such assets include buildings, structures, machinery, equipment, instruments intended for measurements and adjustments, computers, transport, tools, equipment, road infrastructure, as well as other types of assets.
In agricultural organizations, fixed assets include breeding and draft animals and perennial plants.
OS can also include land plots, capital investments for their improvement (for example, reclamation or irrigation work), as well as natural resources such as water, subsoil, etc. That is, OS are the fixed assets of an enterprise.
Important! Objects of tangible assets do not belong to fixed assets if they are located in the warehouses of trading or manufacturing enterprises that manufacture them. In this case, they are accounted for as goods held for sale or as finished goods.
For accounting purposes, the accounting policies (hereinafter referred to as AP) of organizations may provide for a cost limit, below which assets that meet the criteria for recognition as fixed assets in accounting can be classified as inventories. In this case, the specified limit should not exceed 40,000 rubles. (paragraph 4, clause 5 of the Regulations on OS accounting (PBU 6/01)).
Important! Fixed assets, the use of which is limited to leasing, are recognized in accounting and reporting as profitable investments in material assets.
As a general rule, capital investments do not belong to the fixed assets of an enterprise (clause 3 of PBU 6/01). Capital investments in leased fixed assets can be included in their composition (paragraph 2, paragraph 5 of PBU 6/01).
Documentation of the movement of fixed assets
Resolution of the State Statistics Committee of Russia dated January 21, 2003 No. 7 (hereinafter referred to as Resolution No. 7) approved new unified forms of primary accounting documentation for accounting of fixed assets.
At the same time, the unified forms of primary accounting documentation for accounting for fixed assets (No. OS-1, No. OS-3, No. OS-4, No. OS-4a, No. OS-6, No. OS-14, No. OS-15, No. OS-16), approved by Resolution of the State Statistics Committee of Russia dated October 30, 1997 No. 71 a (hereinafter referred to as Resolution No. 71 a).
The new forms apply to legal entities of all forms of ownership operating on the territory of the Russian Federation (with the exception of credit organizations and budgetary institutions).
The new forms include indicators necessary for organizing the accounting of fixed assets in accordance with the requirements of the Accounting Regulations “Accounting for Fixed Assets” PBU 6/01, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated March 30, 2001 No. 2bn.
