Classification of fixed assets included in depreciation groups

Any receipt of an object of fixed assets (F), whether it be a purchase, gratuitous transfer or acquisition in exchange, entails the mandatory determination of a depreciation group, which is assigned based on the useful life of the property. It is during this period that the cost of the property gradually becomes part of the company's costs. Write-off of accrued depreciation amounts is carried out in one of four ways that are relevant for accounting established in the accounting policy of a particular enterprise.

Shock absorption groups

When registering, PF objects are assigned to a specific depreciation group. There are 10 of them in total; they are listed in the OS Classification by depreciation groups. The main criterion for combining units of property into any of the depreciation categories is the useful life (USI) of the object. It is determined by enterprises for each PF facility, based on the expected useful period, operating conditions and regulations governing the use of the property.

SPI is the main criterion for classifying an asset into one of the presented depreciation groups.

According to the general rules, the organization depreciates the received asset over the period of fixed income, determined by the Classifier (see table). If the company cannot find an object on the list, then the deadline is set based on the specifications of the asset or the manufacturer’s recommendations. If the asset is manufactured in a company, then the company’s specialists independently develop recommendations confirming the effective life of the asset. They are drawn up in any form. This may be an order from the manager or another document defining the PPI of the asset. Let's consider the characteristic features of property classified in each depreciation group.

Fifth group of classification of fixed assets

• OKOF
• Shock absorption groups
• Fifth group

Property with a useful life of over 7 years up to 10 years inclusive.
Determination of depreciation group and useful life using the OKOF code:

What is depreciation

In accounting, depreciation is calculated according to the rules established by paragraphs 17-25 of PBU 6/01, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated March 30, 2001 No. 26n (hereinafter referred to as PBU 6/01). Depreciation is the process of monthly transferring the cost of fixed assets to the costs of the current period. That is, by calculating depreciation, the cost of property assets is transferred to the cost of manufactured products (work performed, services provided), in other words, repaid (clause 17 of PBU 6/01).

In accordance with clause 49 of the Guidelines for accounting of fixed assets, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated October 13, 2003 No. 91n (hereinafter referred to as Guidelines No. 91n), is subject to depreciation is :

• belongs to the organization by right of ownership;
• are under the organization’s economic control (or operational management);
• leased by an organization (or trust management, free use).

Depreciation is calculated (clause 49 and clause 50 of Methodological Instructions No. 91n):

• organization - for fixed assets owned by it;
• by the lessor - for fixed assets leased out;
• by the tenant - for fixed assets included in the property complex under the lease agreement of the enterprise (in the same manner as for fixed assets owned by right of ownership);
• by the lessor or lessee - for fixed assets that are the subject of a financial lease agreement (depending on the terms of the agreement).

Depreciation is not accrued according to (paragraphs 2-5, paragraph 17 of PBU 6/01, paragraphs 2 and 3, paragraph 49 of Methodological Instructions No. 91n):

• objects for mobilization purposes (mothballed and not used in the organization’s activities);
• objects of non-profit organizations (for such objects, depreciation is accrued using a linear method, which is recorded in off-balance sheet account 010 “Depreciation of fixed assets”);
• housing assets (residential buildings, dormitories, etc.), with the exception of those related to profitable investments in material assets (i.e., accounted for in account 03 and used to generate income);
• objects whose consumer properties remain unchanged over time (land plots, environmental management objects, objects classified as museum objects and museum collections, etc.).

Key aspects

Payers of the property tax of organizations are recognized as all legal entities that have chosen the main taxation regime, as well as those who own assets classified as taxable.
Officials have identified an exhaustive list of objects that form the tax base for this fiscal obligation. This list of property assets is enshrined in Article 374 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. Also, this article of the code, namely paragraph 4, defines property that is not recognized as taxable objects. Thus, among the exempt assets are listed fixed assets assigned to the first and second depreciation groups.

In addition, officials noted that if the taxpayer’s property is only non-taxable objects, then they are not payers of the property tax of organizations. This means that they are not required to calculate and pay the tax to the budget. Such economic entities do not have to submit tax returns and advance calculations for fiscal obligations to the Federal Tax Service.