Advance payments for income tax in 2021: Useful information for taxpayers

A company can make tax advances either quarterly or monthly. The specific order depends on:

• on the amount of revenue;
• from the company's accounting policies.

If the revenue does not exceed 60,000,000 rubles, the company has the right to pay only quarterly advance payments, and there is no need to report this method to the tax office.

If revenue exceeds 60,000,000 rubles, then you can pay:

• quarterly and monthly advance payments during the quarter;
• monthly advance payments based on actual profits.

The chosen method must be reflected in the accounting policy.

You can change the method of paying advance payments for income tax only from the new year by notifying the tax office no later than December 31.

Who is required to make advance payments?

To find out who pays this type of tax and in what order, you should refer to Articles 285-287 of the Tax Code.

Payments are made quarterly or monthly.

Advances are paid quarterly:

• enterprises whose total revenue over the past year did not exceed 15 million rubles (that is, 60 million rubles for the year);
• budgetary institutions (which from January 1, 2014 do not include museums, theaters, libraries and concert organizations);
• branches of foreign companies;
• non-profit organizations that do not carry out trading activities;
• companies that provided their property under a trust management agreement;
• parties to the joint activity agreement;
• investors in production sharing arrangements.

For the enterprises listed from the second point, the size of revenue does not matter.

Quarterly payments are transferred to the budget by the 28th day of the month following the reporting period.

Important: if an enterprise is included in this list, it has the right to refuse monthly transfers directly from the 1st quarter of 2021. The corresponding application to the tax office must be submitted by December 31 of the previous year.

Monthly income tax payments are made by all organizations not included in this list. They are carried out before the 28th day of the month following the reporting month.

back to menu ↑

How to calculate quarterly payment

To calculate advance payments for income taxes, made once a quarter, you need to analyze the amount of income for the last year.

The calculations do not take into account the current quarter.

According to letters from the Ministry of Finance, the following calculation algorithm is provided:

1. Sum up sales income received over the past 12 months.
2. Divide the resulting number by 4.

Using this simple algorithm, you can determine the amount of payment for 1 quarter.

back to menu ↑

Advance on wages

The transfer of earnings for the first half of the month is regulated by the Labor Code, namely Article 136. The employer undertakes to pay wages to all employees working under employment contracts at least twice a month: every 15 days.

The exact amount of salary advance has not been established. But the Ministry of Labor provided several clarifications for employers. In Letters of the Ministry of Labor dated 03/20/2019 No. 14-1/B-177, dated 09/18/2018 No. 14-1/B-765 it is determined that the amount is determined in proportion to the time worked in the first half of the month.

When calculating the salary advance, include the official salary or rate, as well as bonuses and additional payments calculated for time worked. But do not take into account bonuses and incentive payments calculated for results or based on work results.

The purpose of payment “advance on wages” in payment orders is used less and less. The Ministry of Labor recommended replacing the outdated wording with a more current one: “salary for the first half of the month.”

Example of a salary payment order

Monthly Payment Calculations

The situation is more complicated with monthly advance payments for income tax.

There are two calculation options: based on actual profit and based on revenue for the previous period. Let's take a closer look.

To calculate the advance payment based on actual profit, you need to determine its size for the reporting month and multiply it by the tax rate.

Profit itself becomes the difference between revenue and expenses in a particular period.

The second calculation method is based on the indicators of the previous reporting period. It looks like this.

1. Advances for months included in the initial quarter of this year are calculated from the data of the last three months of the previous year.
2. In the second quarter, the monthly payment is equal to the third part of the advance for the previous quarter.
3. In the third quarter, the payment will be a third of the difference between the advance for the past 6 months and for the 1st quarter.
4. In the last three months, the size of the monthly advance payment for income tax is equal to the third part of the difference between the payment for 9 months and for half a year.

The only problem is that when making monthly payments, you have to reconcile the advances with the amount of accruals based on the actual profit for the quarter.

When an overpayment has occurred, the organization can either take it into account against future payments or request a refund to the current account.

If the amount at the end of the quarter exceeds the advance payments, you will have to pay up to the amount of tax on the actual profit.

The organization determines the procedure for calculating monthly payments independently.

Based on the decision made, a corresponding provision is created in the Charter.

back to menu ↑

Quarterly payments, no monthly payments

Payments in advance can be made quarterly by:

• autonomous institutions;
• non-profit associations;
• organization of the budgetary sphere;
• enterprises with annual income up to 15 million rubles;
• other enterprises, according to Art. 286 NK.

Attention! From 2021, if the enterprise’s income in the reporting year was less than 60 million rubles, then there is no need to pay for the first three months of the next year.

To determine quarterly payments you can use:

1. For the first 3 months: the quarterly advance is equal to the amount determined by the quarterly result. Calculation: Income – Expenses: Tax rate .
2. For 6, 9 months: Atk - Apk . Here Apk means an advance determined based on the past quarterly result, and Atk - based on the current quarterly result.

What does the payment schedule depend on?

Let's repeat: some companies pay advances quarterly, others monthly.

The Tax Code contains a list of companies that have the right to make quarterly payments.

In general, the order of transfers depends on two criteria:

• accounting policy;
• revenue amounts.

When the annual revenue volume in 2021 falls within 60,000,000 rubles, the organization can only make quarterly payments.

There is no need to notify the tax office about this in advance.

Any company has the right to switch from quarterly to monthly payments.

To do this, you need to notify the tax service before December 31, then the changes will come into force from the beginning of next year.

The form of notification is arbitrary. Corresponding changes will need to be made to the Charter.

back to menu ↑

An example of calculating payments based on quarterly results

To clearly examine the calculation algorithm, let’s take Kolos LLC as an example. In the first three months, the company made a profit of 200,000 rubles.

For the second quarter the amount was 160,000 rubles.

Let us trace the calculations of the tax, which has its own function in the state.

1. For the first quarter, the advance payment is 200,000 * 0.20 = 40,000.
2. The amount of the advance payment for six months is equal to (200,000 + 160,000) * 0.20 – 40,000 = 32,000.

Thus, the formula has the following form: funds already paid for tax are subtracted from the amount to be paid for the reporting period.

This difference must be transferred to the tax service.

back to menu ↑

Examples of calculating monthly payments

First, let's look at an example of calculations based on profit data in the previous quarter.

Reverance LLC uses this payment system. Over the past six months, the company's profit amounted to 1,000,000 rubles.

In the first quarter, 400,000 rubles were received.

The algorithm for calculating monthly advance payments for income tax will look like this:

1. Let's find the profit for the second quarter: 1,000,000 – 400,000 = 600,000 rubles.
2. Let's find the amount of tax on profits received in the second quarter: 600,000 * 0.20 = 120,000 rubles.
3. We divide the final income tax by 3 months and find the amount of the monthly contribution: 120,000 / 3 = 40,000 rubles.

We see that in the third quarter, Reverance LLC will transfer 40,000 rubles every month.

Let's consider a similar calculation for Sezon LLC, where the profit received in the current month is taken as a basis.

According to the reports, profit for the first half of the year amounted to 1,000,000 rubles. Income for the period from January to May reached 800,000 rubles.

1. Let's find the actual profit for June. 1,000,000 – 800,000 = 200,000 rubles.
2. Let's calculate the amount of the advance for this month: 200,000 * 0.20 = 40,000 rubles.

For Sezon LLC, the amount of transfers based on the results of June is 40,000 rubles. They must be submitted by July 28 of this year.

back to menu ↑

Table 1. Dates in 2021

Attention! Due to recent changes in legislation, the legal information in this article may be out of date!

Our lawyer can advise you free of charge - write your question in the form below:

What else to read:

Details of filling out the declaration

The declaration form was approved by order of the Federal Tax Service No. ММВ-7-3 / [email protected] dated November 26, 2014.

It also provides detailed instructions regarding the registration procedure (separate recommendations are provided for the VAT declaration).

Important: sheet 02 of the declaration is reserved for advance payments.

Numbers 210 to 230 contain data on advances for past periods.

Enterprises that transfer monthly payments based on previously acquired income fill them out as follows.

1. In field 210 for the first quarter, enter the indicator for the final quarter of the previous year, which was entered under number 320 in the previous report.
2. The value for the half-year is the sum of lines 180 and 290 filled out in this declaration for the 1st quarter.
3. Information on number 210 for 9 months is also the sum of lines 180 and 290, but for half a year.

If monthly payments are calculated based on the income received by the enterprise in fact, the format of line No. 210 will look like this:

• according to the results for January, a dash is placed;
• the cells for subsequent months are sequentially filled with the value from line 180 for the previous month.

If the company transfers contributions quarterly, line 210 of the declaration takes the following form:

1. According to the results for the first quarter - a dash.
2. The half-year value is the line 180 figure for the first quarter.
3. The value for 9 months is the line indicator 180 for the half year.

Numbers 290-310 should be filled out only for organizations that calculate monthly payments based on the results of previous periods.

To indicate the advance in line 290, the difference between lines 180 of the declaration for the current and previous periods is taken.

Indicators for numbers 300-310 are calculated in a similar way, only the initial data is taken from lines 190 and 200.

Payers of quarterly advances should complete lines 270 and 271.

To fill them, the difference between the readings of 190 and 220, 200 and 230, respectively, is taken.

When filling out an income tax return for the year, enterprises that pay advances quarterly or monthly based on actual income do not fill out numbers 290-310.

back to menu ↑

Example

Ivanovo LLC calculates the advance for three periods: the first 3, 6 and 9 months:

1. For the first 3 months. Tax base – 4 million rubles. Rate – 20%. Advance: 4 x 0.2 = 800 (thousand rubles). Monthly payments were 200 thousand rubles, the amount was 600 thousand rubles. Therefore, you need to pay: 800 – 600 = 200 (thousand rubles).
2. In 6 months. Base – 12 million rubles. The rate is the same. Advance: 12 x 0.2 = 2.4 (million rubles). 300 thousand rubles were paid monthly, the amount was 900 thousand rubles. Advance: 2.4 – 900 – 800 = 700 (thousand rubles).
3. In 9 months. Base – 25 million rubles. Advance: 25 x 0.2 = 5 (million rubles). Paid monthly: 2.4 – 0.8: 3 = 533 (thousand rubles). The total amount is 1.599 million rubles. Advance: 5 – 2.4 – 1.599 = 1.001 (million rubles).

What sanctions are provided for late payment?

What happens to those who pay advances if the payment is not received on time?

Article 75 of the Tax Code provides for the accrual of penalties.

They are calculated from the day following the payment deadline. It turns out that this is the 29th day of the month following the reporting month.

What are these charges?

1. Penalties are made up of the product of 1/300 of the refinancing rate valid at the time of calculation and the tax contribution not transferred within the allotted time.
2. Penalties are charged for each day of delay (you can find out tax debts in advance by last name).
3. To pay, you will need to fill out a separate payment document.
4. Accrued penalties are transferred separately for parts of the advance payment transferred to the federal and regional budgets.

Let us repeat that the deadline for transferring the monthly advance payment for income tax is the 28th day of the month following the reporting month.

If we are talking about quarterly transfers, they are made no later than the 28th day of the month following the reporting quarter.

You can get information about debts on the government services portal.

back to menu ↑

What to do with overpaid funds

Due to inaccuracies in calculations in 2021, it is possible that an amount exceeding the required advance was paid to the budget.

Those who pay taxes do not have to worry about this - the overpayment will be counted against a future contribution.

First, it is recommended to double-check the company's budget.

Then check with the tax service on the issue of transferring overpaid funds to the next reporting period.

Summarize. The calculation of advance payments for income tax can be carried out using different algorithms: depending on the actual profit received and taking into account the income of the previous quarter.

Some organizations, including those whose revenue does not exceed 60,000,000 per year, are allowed to pay taxes quarterly.

The calculation method must be enshrined in the company's accounting policies.

back to menu ↑

Calculation of advance payments for income tax 2017

Changes in the calculation of income tax in 2020–2021

One of the recent innovations in income tax is the introduction of the possibility of applying an investment deduction to the amount of tax transferred to both budgets (Article 286.1 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). It can be used in the period 2018–2027. By deducting 90% of the cost of fixed assets, you can reduce the tax charged to the regional budget, and the remaining 10% can be attributed to the reduction of tax charged to the federal budget. The decision to introduce an investment deduction is made by the regions, and they also specify the conditions for its application. Such objects will no longer be depreciated.

Initially, the deduction was provided for fixed assets of 3–7 depreciation groups put into operation. But from January 1, 2020, it also applies to groups 8-10 (law of July 26, 2019 No. 210-FZ). Also, starting from 2021, it will be possible to include infrastructure costs in the investment deduction.

Read more about the application of this deduction in the article “Investment tax deduction for income tax.”

From 2021:

• Organizations have the opportunity not to pay income tax on money received free of charge from an organization of which it is a participant or shareholder, within the limits of the contribution to property made by it previously also in money.
• Income received by a shareholder or participant upon leaving a liquidated company, in the form of an excess over his contribution to the charter capital, is recognized as dividends for income tax purposes at a rate of 13%.
• Payments to the Platon system can be included in expenses in full.
• Employers have the right to reduce income by the cost of vouchers for employees (we talked about the nuances in this material).

In addition to the above innovations with advances also (laws dated 08/02/2019 No. 269-FZ, dated 07/26/2019 No. 210-FZ):

• in non-operating expenses, you can take into account the costs of constructing social infrastructure facilities if they are transferred free of charge into state or municipal ownership;
• regional operators for the management of municipal solid waste, museums, theaters and libraries received the right to a 0% rate;
• There are changes for participants in regional investment contracts and SEZ residents.